Chú thích Toán học Hồi giáo Trung Cổ

  1. ↑ Katz (1993): "A complete history of mathematics of medieval Islam cannot yet be written, since so many of these Arabic manuscripts lie unstudied... Still, the general outline... is known. In particular, Islamic mathematicians fully developed the decimal place-value number system to include decimal fractions, systematised the study of algebra and began to consider the relationship between algebra and geometry, studied and made advances on the major Greek geometrical treatises of Euclid, Archimedes, and Apollonius, and made significant improvements in plane and spherical geometry."Smith (1958) Vol. 1, Chapter VII.4: "In a general way it may be said that the Golden Age of Arabian mathematics was confined largely to the 9th and 10th centuries; that the world owes a great debt to Arab scholars for preserving and transmitting to posterity the classics of Greek mathematics; and that their work was chiefly that of transmission, although they developed considerable originality in algebra and showed some genius in their work in trigonometry."
  2. ↑ Adolph P. Yushkevich Sertima, Ivan Van (1992), Golden age of the Moor, Volume 11, Transaction Publishers, tr. 394, ISBN 1-56000-581-5  "The Islamic mathematicians exercised a prolific influence on the development of science in Europe, enriched as much by their own discoveries as those they had inherited by the Greeks, the Indians, the Syrians, the Babylonians, etc."
  3. ↑ "Science Teaching in Pre-Modern Societies", McGill University.
  4. ↑ “algebra”. Online Etymology Dictionary. 
  5. ↑ Boyer, Carl B. (1991). “The Arabic Hegemony”. A History of Mathematics . John Wiley & Sons. tr. 228. ISBN 0-471-54397-7. 
  6. ↑ Swetz, Frank J. (1993). Learning Activities from the History of Mathematics. Walch Publishing. tr. 26. ISBN 978-0-8251-2264-4. 
  7. 1 2 Gullberg, Jan (1997). Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers. W. W. Norton. tr. 298. ISBN 0-393-04002-X.  Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |url-access= (trợ giúp)
  8. ↑ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., “al-Marrakushi ibn Al-Banna”, Dữ liệu Lịch sử Toán học MacTutor, Đại học St. Andrews 
  9. ↑ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., “Arabic mathematics: forgotten brilliance?”, Dữ liệu Lịch sử Toán học MacTutor, Đại học St. Andrews 
  10. 1 2 Boyer 1991, tr. 241–242.
  11. ↑ Struik 1987, tr. 97.
  12. ↑ Berggren, J. Lennart; Al-Tūsī, Sharaf Al-Dīn; Rashed, Roshdi (1990). “Innovation and Tradition in Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī's al-Muʿādalāt”. Journal of the American Oriental Society 110 (2): 304–309. JSTOR 604533. doi:10.2307/604533.